The Effect of Precursor Concentration on the Particle Size, Crystal Size, and Optical Energy Gap of CexSn1?xO2 Nanofabrication

In the present work, a thermal treatment technique is applied for synthesis of CexSn1?xO2 nanoparticles. Using this method has developed understanding how lower and higher precursor values affect morphology, structure, optical properties nanoparticle involves reaction between cerium tin sources, namely, nitrate hexahydrate (II) chloride dihydrate, respectively, capping agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The findings indicate that x yield smaller particle size with energy band gap, while larger gap. Thus, products may be suitable antibacterial activity applications as particles can diffuse through cell wall faster, solar more electrons generated at sizes. synthesized samples were profiled via number methods, such scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). As revealed by XRD pattern analysis, nanoparticles formed after calcination reflect cubic fluorite structure cassiterite-type tetragonal Meanwhile, using FT-IR Ce-O Sn-O confirmed primary bonds ready samples, whilst TEM analysis highlighted average was in range 6?21 nm concentration (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O) increased from 0.00 to 1.00. Moreover, UV-visible reflectance spectra used determine gap based on Kubelka–Munk equation showed an increase value caused decrease vice versa.